Gums that bleed when brushing usually indicate inflammation: gingivitis, in the early stages, or periodontitis, when the tissues supporting the tooth are also affected. Gingivitis is usually controlled with cleaning and proper hygiene, while periodontitis needs diagnosis, treatment and systematic follow-up.
What gingivitis and periodontitis are
Periodontal treatment deals with problems related to the gums and the tissues that support the teeth: the bone, the ligament and the gums.
The gingivitis is inflammation of the gums. It is caused mainly by bacterial plaque, a thin layer of bacteria that forms continuously on the teeth and, if not removed, hardens into tartar (calculus). It is reversible when treated in time.
The periodontitis it is a more advanced inflammation. Here the supporting tissues are affected and there may be bone loss around the teeth. Bone loss does not return on its own; the aim of treatment is to stop progression and preserve the teeth. The form most often treated at the practice is chronic periodontitis.
Symptoms that need checking
- bleeding when brushing or flossing,
- red, swollen or tender gums,
- persistent bad breath or a bad taste,
- gum recession, i.e. teeth that look «longer»,
- tooth mobility or a change in the way the jaws close,
- gaps that appear between the teeth.
Periodontal problems can progress gradually without severe pain. This is why the absence of pain does not mean everything is fine. Early diagnosis is important.
Factors that increase the risk
Inadequate oral hygiene is the main cause, but not the only one. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, stress, certain medications, hormonal changes (e.g. in pregnancy) and hereditary susceptibility play a role. This is why two people with similar hygiene may have different gum conditions.
How the diagnosis is made
The dentist examines the gums and uses a special instrument to measure the depth of the pockets around each tooth, checks for bleeding and mobility and requests X-rays to assess the bone. This establishes whether it is gingivitis or periodontitis and how advanced it is.
How it is treated, step by step
The treatment approach depends on the severity of the case.
1. Information and oral hygiene instructions
We show you how to brush and how to clean between your teeth, with dental floss or interdental brushes, depending on the width of the spaces between your teeth. Without this step, no treatment lasts.
2. Scaling
Tartar and plaque are removed from the tooth surfaces and from above the gums. In gingivitis, with proper hygiene, this is often enough to bring the inflammation quickly under control.
3. Deeper cleaning (root planing)
In periodontitis, bacterial deposits have reached beneath the gums, onto the roots. Root planing removes them and smooths the root surface, so that the gums can reattach. It is usually done in sections and under local anaesthesia.
4. Re-evaluation
After a few weeks we check the response. If deep pockets remain, additional treatment may be needed.
5. Periodontal maintenance
Periodontitis is a chronic disease that is controlled, not «cured once and for all». Regular maintenance appointments follow, at a frequency set by the dentist.
Duration and healing
Gingivitis often improves within a few days with proper hygiene. After a deeper cleaning, mild sensitivity, slight bleeding and a feeling that the teeth are «opening up» as the swelling goes down are normal. Gentle brushing, soft foods for a few hours and an antiseptic mouthwash, if the dentist recommends it, help.
Risks if left untreated and when to see the dentist
Without treatment, periodontitis can lead to tooth mobility, drifting and eventually tooth loss. There is also evidence that periodontal inflammation is linked with other general conditions, such as diabetes, which is worth discussing with your dentist. Ask for an examination without delay if bleeding lasts more than a few days, if there is swelling or pus in the gums, if a tooth is loose or if you have persistent bad breath.
Alternative and complementary options
In advanced cases, where non-surgical cleaning is not enough, surgical periodontal techniques are considered. Mouthwashes and other products complement, but do not replace, mechanical cleaning and professional check-ups.
How to protect your gums at home
- Brush twice a day with a soft or medium toothbrush, using gentle movements near the gum line.
- Clean between your teeth every day, because the toothbrush cannot reach there.
- Replace your toothbrush every few months or when its bristles are worn.
- Avoid smoking, which hides the signs of inflammation and makes its course worse.
- Have regular check-ups and cleanings at the practice, at a frequency set by the dentist.
Frequently asked questions
Why do my gums bleed when I brush?
Bleeding is often related to gingivitis or a build-up of plaque and tartar. You should not stop brushing, but it is a good idea to have a dental check-up to identify the cause.
What is gingivitis?
It is inflammation of the gums, with bleeding when brushing, redness, swelling or bad breath. With proper oral hygiene and professional cleaning it can be brought under control quickly.
What is periodontitis?
It is a more advanced inflammation that affects the tissues supporting the teeth. It can cause tooth mobility, gum recession, bad breath and bone loss, and needs diagnosis, treatment and systematic follow-up.
Does periodontitis go away on its own?
No. Without treatment, the inflammation usually continues and can progress without pain.
Book an appointment
If your gums bleed or you have noticed any of the above, book an appointment at our practice in Thessaloniki, at Tsimiski 111, for an examination and information on the next steps.
Every mouth is different. The appropriate treatment is recommended after a clinical examination.
